চিনলে মানুষ রতন,সে থাকে না আগের মতন

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Science in the Islamic world has played a significant role in the history of science. There have been hundreds of notable Muslim scientists that have made a great contribution to civilization and society. The following is an incomplete list of notable Muslim scientists. Contents [hide] * 1 Astronomers and astrophysicists * 2 Chemists and alchemists * 3 Economists and social scientists * 4 Geographers and earth scientists * 5 Mathematicians * 6 Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists * 7 Physicians and surgeons * 8 Physicists and engineers * 9 Political scientists * 10 Other scientists and inventors * 11 References [edit] Astronomers and astrophysicists Main article: List of Muslim astronomers Further information: Islamic astronomy * Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid) * Jafar al-Sadiq * Yaqūb ibn Tāriq * Ibrahim al-Fazari * Muhammad al-Fazari * Naubakht * Al-Khwarizmi, mathematician * Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar) * Al-Farghani * Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa) o Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir o Ahmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir o Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir * Al-Majriti * Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (Albatenius) * Al-Farabi (Abunaser) * Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi * Abu Sa'id Gorgani * Kushyar ibn Labban * Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin * Al-Mahani * Al-Marwazi * Al-Nayrizi * Al-Saghani * Al-Farghani * Abu Nasr Mansur * Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi) * Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi * Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī * Ibn Yunus * Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen) * Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī * Avicenna * Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel) * Omar Khayyám * Al-Khazini * Ibn Bajjah (Avempace) * Ibn Tufail (Abubacer) * Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (Alpetragius) * Averroes * Al-Jazari * Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī * Anvari * Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi * Nasir al-Din Tusi * Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi * Ibn al-Shatir * Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī * Jamshīd al-Kāshī * Ulugh Beg, also a mathematician * Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, Ottoman astronomer * Ahmad Nahavandi * Haly Abenragel * Abolfadl Harawi * Kerim Kerimov, a founder of Soviet space program, a lead architect behind first human spaceflight (Vostok 1), and the lead architect of the first space stations (Salyut and Mir)[1][2] * Farouk El-Baz, a NASA scientist involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program[3] * Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud * Muhammed Faris * Abdul Ahad Mohmand * Talgat Musabayev * Anousheh Ansari * Amir Ansari * Sultana Nurun Nahar, specialist in atomic astrophysics and spectroscopy [edit] Chemists and alchemists Further information: Alchemy (Islam) * Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid) * Jafar al-Sadiq * Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), father of chemistry[4][5][6] * Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman) * Al-Kindi (Alkindus) * Al-Majriti * Ibn Miskawayh * Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī * Avicenna * Al-Khazini * Nasir al-Din Tusi * Ibn Khaldun * Salimuzzaman Siddiqui * Al-Khwārizmī, Father of Al-Gabra, (Mathematics) * Ahmed H. Zewail, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1999[7] * Mostafa El-Sayed * Atta ur Rahman, leading scholar in the field of Natural Product Chemistry [edit] Economists and social scientists Further information: Islamic sociology, Early Muslim sociology, and Islamic economics in the world See also: List of Muslim historians and Historiography of early Islam * Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man (699-767), economist * Abu Yusuf (731-798), economist * Al-Farabi (Alpharabius) (873–950), economist * Al-Saghani (d. 990), one of the earliest historians of science[8] * Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist * Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048), considered the "first anthropologist"[9] and father of Indology[10] * Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037), economist * Ibn Miskawayh (b. 1030), economist * Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (1058–1111), economist * Al-Mawardi (1075–1158), economist * Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (Tusi) (1201–1274), economist * Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), sociologist * Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328), economist * Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), forerunner of social sciences[11] such as demography,[12] cultural history,[13] historiography,[14] philosophy of history,[15] sociology[12][15] and economics[16][17] * Al-Maqrizi (1364–1442), economist * Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani social scientist; pioneer of microcredit * Muhammad Yunus, Nobel Prize winner Bangladeshi economist; pioneer of microfinance * Mahbub ul Haq, Pakistani economist; developer of Human Development Index and founder of Human Development Report[18][19] [edit] Geographers and earth scientists Further information: Muslim Agricultural Revolution * Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography[20] * Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science[21] * Ibn Al-Jazzar * Al-Tamimi * Al-Masihi * Ali ibn Ridwan * Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer * Ahmad ibn Fadlan * Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, father of geodesy,[9][12] considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist"[9] * Avicenna * Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi * Averroes * Ibn al-Nafis * Ibn Battuta * Ibn Khaldun * Piri Reis * Evliya Çelebi * Zaghloul El-Naggar [edit] Mathematicians Further information: Islamic mathematics: Biographies * Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar * Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid) * Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Algorismi) - father of algebra[22] and algorithms[23] * 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk * Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī (1412–1482), pioneer of symbolic algebra[24] * Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam * Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī * Al-Kindi (Alkindus) * Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa) o Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir o Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir * Al-Mahani * Ahmed ibn Yusuf * Al-Majriti * Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (Albatenius) * Al-Farabi (Abunaser) * Al-Khalili * Al-Nayrizi * Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin * Brethren of Purity * Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi * Al-Saghani * Abū Sahl al-Qūhī * Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi * Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī * Ibn Sahl * Al-Sijzi * Ibn Yunus * Abu Nasr Mansur * Kushyar ibn Labban * Al-Karaji * Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen/Alhazen) * Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī * Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi * Al-Nasawi * Al-Jayyani * Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel) * Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud * Omar Khayyám * Al-Khazini * Ibn Bajjah (Avempace) * Al-Ghazali (Algazel) * Al-Marrakushi * Al-Samawal * Averroes * Avicenna * Hunayn ibn Ishaq * Ibn al-Banna' * Ibn al-Shatir * Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar) * Jamshīd al-Kāshī * Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī * Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī * Maryam Mirzakhani * Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi * Muhammad Baqir Yazdi * Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, 13th century Persian mathematician and philosopher * Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī * Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi * Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī * Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī * Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf * Ulugh Beg * Lotfi Asker Zadeh, Azerbaijanian computer scientist; founder of Fuzzy Mathematics and fuzzy set theory[25][26] * Cumrun Vafa [edit] Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists Further information: Islamic psychological thought * Ibn Sirin (654–728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation[27] * Al-Kindi (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy[28] * Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology[29] * Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health,[30] medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine[31] * Najab ud-din Muhammad, pioneer of mental disorder classification[32] * Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies[33] * Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (Haly Abbas), pioneer of neuroanatomy, neurobiology and neurophysiology[33] * Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery[34] * Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception[35] * Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, pioneer of reaction time[36] * Avicenna (Ibn Sina), pioneer of physiological psychology,[32] neuropsychiatry,[37] thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness[38] * Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology[34] * Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease[34] * Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture[39] * Mir Sajad,Neuroscientist and pioneer in neuroinflammation and neurogenesis.[40][41] [edit] Physicians and surgeons Main article: Muslim doctors Further information: Islamic medicine * Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid) * Jafar al-Sadiq * Shapur ibn Sahl (d. 869), pioneer of pharmacy and pharmacopoeia[42] * Al-Kindi (Alkindus) (801-873), pioneer of pharmacology[43] * Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman) (810-887) * Al-Jahiz, pioneer of natural selection * Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of medical encyclopedia[29] * Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi * Ishaq bin Ali al-Rahwi (854–931), pioneer of peer review and medical peer review[44] * Al-Farabi (Alpharabius) * Ibn Al-Jazzar (circa 898-980) * Abul Hasan al-Tabari - physician * Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari - physician * Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (d. 994), pioneer of obstetrics and perinatology[45] * Abu Gaafar Amed ibn Ibrahim ibn abi Halid al-Gazzar (10th century), pioneer of dental restoration[46] * Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) - father of modern surgery, and pioneer of neurosurgery,[34] craniotomy,[45] hematology[47] and dental surgery[48] * Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), pioneer of eye surgery, visual system[49] and visual perception[50] * Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī * Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (980-1037) - father of modern medicine,[51] founder of Unani medicine,[47] pioneer of experimental medicine, evidence-based medicine, pharmaceutical sciences, clinical pharmacology,[52] aromatherapy,[53] pulsology and sphygmology,[54] and also a philosopher * Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, physician of Unani medicine * Ibn Miskawayh * Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) - father of experimental surgery,[55] and pioneer of experimental anatomy, experimental physiology, human dissection, autopsy[56] and tracheotomy[57] * Ibn Bajjah (Avempace) * Ibn Tufail (Abubacer) * Averroes * Ibn al-Baitar * Ibn Jazla * Nasir al-Din Tusi * Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), father of circulatory physiology, pioneer of circulatory anatomy,[58] and founder of Nafisian anatomy, physiology,[59] pulsology and sphygmology[60] * Ibn al-Quff (1233–1305), pioneer of embryology[45] * Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī * Ibn Khatima (14th century), pioneer of bacteriology and microbiology[61] * Ibn al-Khatib (1313–1374) * Mansur ibn Ilyas * Saghir Akhtar - pharmacist * Syed Ziaur Rahman, pharmacologist * Toffy Musivand * Muhammad B. Yunus, the "father of our modern view of fibromyalgia"[62] * Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, pioneer of biomedical research in space[63][64] * Hulusi Behçet, known for the discovery of Behçet's disease * Ibrahim B. Syed - radiologist * Mehmet Öz, cardiothoracic surgeon [edit] Physicists and engineers Further information: Islamic physics * Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century * Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa), 9th century o Ja'far Muhammad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir o Ahmad ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir o Al-Hasan ibn Mūsā ibn Shākir * Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century * Al-Saghani, 10th century * Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi), 10th century * Ibn Sahl, 10th century * Ibn Yunus, 10th century * Al-Karaji, 10th century * Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqi scientist, father of optics,[65] pioneer of scientific method[66] and experimental physics,[67] considered the "first scientist"[68] * Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics[69] * Avicenna, 11th century * Al-Khazini, 12th century * Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century * Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel), 12th century * Averroes, 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert * Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer, father of robotics,[6] father of modern engineering[70] * Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century * Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century * Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, 13th century * Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century * Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, 16th century * Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi, 17th century * Lagari Hasan Çelebi, 17th century * Sake Dean Mahomet, 18th century * Tipu Sultan, 18th century Indian mechanician * Fazlur Khan, 20th century Bangladeshi mechanician * Mahmoud Hessaby, 20th century Iranian physicist * Ali Javan, 20th century Iranian physicist * Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, 20th century Indonesian aerospace engineer and president * Abdul Kalam, Indian aeronautical engineer and nuclear scientist * Abdus Salam, Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize winner(1979) * Mehran Kardar, Iranian theoretical physicist * Cumrun Vafa, Iranian mathematical physicist * Nima Arkani-Hamed, American-born Iranian physicist * Abdel Nasser Tawfik, Egyptian-born German particle physicist * Munir Nayfeh Palestinian-American particle physicist * Riazuddin, Pakistani theoretical physicist * Abdul Qadeer Khan, Pakistani nuclear scientist * Ali Musharafa, Egyptian nuclear physicist * Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear physicist * Munir Ahmad Khan, Father of Pakistan's nuclear program [edit] Political scientists * Syed Qutb * Abul Ala Maududi * Hasan al-Turabi * Hassan al-Banna * Mohamed Hassanein Heikal * Necmettin Erbakan * M. A. Muqtedar Khan [edit] Other scientists and inventors * Azizul Haque * Mohammad Sharif Chattar