আমার অনুমতি ছাড়া এই ব্লগের লেখা কোথাও প্রকাশ করা যাবে না।

Let us define the value of human life as the balance or ratio between satisfaction or happiness and pain or suffering. In the context of this definition, the ultimate purpose of technology is to enhance the value of human life, with a long-term perspective, by maximization of happiness and satisfaction and a concomitant reduction or minimization of pain and suffering (physical, mental and emotional). As a generalization, people want a better life. A better life may usually mean things like freedom from want, access to and possession of at least some of the “nonessentials”, comforts or luxuries, good health, a reasonable life expectancy, the absence of emotional stress, satisfying human relations (resulting from gratifying work experience and meaningful interpersonal relationships), intellectual stimulation, and personally rewarding leisure activities.HUMAN NEEDS and VALUES Human needs and values change through time as technology advances.Man tends to accept the fruits of new technology more readily (satisfaction, happiness, comfort) whereas he is reluctant to accept changes in his personal life. Thus, social and cultural changes always lag behind technology causing a mismatch and disconnect which consequently leads to unhappiness, dissatisfaction, pain and suffering (emotional) and concomitant lowering of the value of human life. A crude but practical way of classifying human values is to divide needs into those that are essentially physiological and those that are psychological. Most new technologies cater to the physiological aspect by performing Dangerous, Dirty, or Difficult jobs (the 3 D’s) thereby enhancing the value of human life. As regards the psychological aspect, an example pertaining to Information Technology (IT) may be in order.Information Technology (IT) caters to two unique categories of psychological needs of humans: Cognitive Needs – which refer to the human need for information so as to be ready to act or make decisions that may be required, and Affective Needs – which refer to the emotional requirements of human, such as their need to do challenging work, to know their work has value, to feel personally secure, and to be in control. Undue emphasis on cognitive needs and consequent neglect of affective needs may cause emotional pain that counterbalances the gains from technology and this may be detrimental to the “value of human life” as a whole. CONCLUSION We must not lose sight of our basic premise that the cardinal aim of technology is to increase the value of human life by maximising happiness and minimising suffering. Ethical Technology Management comprises a harmonious blend of rational thinking and empathic understanding wherein one studies, analyses and mitigates the conflicting interplay between human cognitive and affective processes. It may be apt to conclude with a comment by RM Pirsig, who states that, “The way to solve the conflict between human values and technological needs is not to run away from technology. That is impossible. The way to resolve the conflict is to break down the barriers of dualistic thought that prevent a real understanding of what technology is… not an exploitation of nature, but a fusion of nature and the human spirit into a new kind of creation that transcends both” These days, we have so many potentially labour saving technological devices, but to how great an extent do such advances increase rather than decrease workload and stress? I remember the days when typists used carbon copies and had to retype a whole page when they made a mistake. I remember being gobsmacked that a work colleague had somehow ordered his week's shopping over this mysterious thing called an internet. I remember laughing when City boys started walking around with massive mobile phones and thinking how pretentious, unnecessary, and clumsy they were, and scornfully claiming they would never catch on because no-one in their right mind would want to be constantly contactable! How many of you feel now feel strangely insecure and cut off when your mobile is out of action or your internet connection goes down? How many of you habitually go to check emails first thing when you wake up? How many of you are so proficient at texting you can send messages without looking - and do so constantly throughout the day! ? How many eat meals at your computer? How many families spend hours in separate rooms at the computer, (although, on the plus side, my son has just been commended for his excellent general knowledge, which given his tendency not to read books or watch TV actually must come from the 'building civilisations' type computer games he favours). New technology can clearly enable us to work faster and more efficiently, and it facilitates flexible and remote working (fitting in with childcare or avoiding a distasteful commute), but it can also mean that we cannot ever really get away and switch off. Certainly, individuals with demanding jobs can find that they are permanently on call (especially if working in on an international stage or in a trouble-shooting role). The mobile phone means that one can never escape or be 'out'. Blackberries prevent one from claiming not to have seen the email yet. One woman told me how her husband took his laptop on their honeymoon! Work encroaching on personal life can be damaging to relationships and can negatively impact family life. Potentially yes, but it is hard to imagine what technologies beyond the mobile and internet could do to make one more available - doctors can already conduct operations from another country over a computer! There have always been workaholics, but I believe new technologies have certainly contributed to many more people taking work home and not properly switching off (literally and metaphorically) Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization. The word technology comes from the Greek technología (τεχνολογία) — téchnē (τέχνη), an 'art', 'skill' or 'craft' and -logía (-λογία), the study of something, or the branch of knowledge of a discipline.[1] The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: examples include construction technology, medical technology, or state-of-the-art technology or high technology. Technologies can also be exemplified in a material product, for example an object can be termed state of the art. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments. The human species' use of technology began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools. The prehistorical discovery of the ability to control fire increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans in travelling in and controlling their environment. Recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes; the development of weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons. Technology has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways. In many societies, technology has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the Earth and its environment. Various implementations of technology influence the values of a society and new technology often raises new ethical questions. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of traditional norms. Philosophical debates have arisen over the present and future use of technology in society, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar movements criticise the pervasiveness of technology in the modern world, opining that it harms the environment and alienates people; proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition. Indeed, until recently, it was believed that the development of technology was restricted only to human beings, but recent scientific studies indicate that other primates and certain dolphin communities have developed simple tools and learned to pass their knowledge to other generations. Negative aspects of technology Since the industrial revolution, society has become more and more dependent on technology. So much so that we sometimes lack the willingness to think before we act. We become impatient if it takes more than a few seconds to download a copy of the morning news paper. We expect immediate responses to our email, and we expect someone to answer their cell phone whenever and wherever we call. “Industrialization resulted in rapid and sustained economic growth and a massive increase in consumer goods. But at the same time, for many people it meant a thoroughly unpleasant work environment.” 1 People in today’s society are always looking for ways to improve their lifestyles and in some way help deal with their physical environment. Agriculture; Farming and cattle herding led to the growth of large, settled human populations and increasing competition for productive lands, touching off organized warfare. The need for transportation brought vehicles into the market. The need for employees brought mechanical robots into society. Battles over land brought on the need for sophisticated weapons. The agricultural system brought on a revolution. 2 The invention of the television has brought all forms of entertainment into our houses with video and audio combined. Before 1950, newspapers and radio were the only ways to bring media or entertainment into the house. Mass production and other job opportunities brought many people from the rural areas and farms into the city. Society is more reliant on technology than ever before. While technologies have their advantages there is a negative effect to all this technology as well. Technology can actually harm society rather then help it. Competition between companies or even cities can sometimes make our lives for even worse. When a city builds more roads to attract tourists, the result is more traffic, not less. Even things we take for granted such as the automobile have negative effect on us. Because the automobiles cause pollution and that can surely harm us slowly. 3 Technology is making us so bust that we can cant even find time to spend with our closed one’s.it would be surprising to know that people are in contact through chat and online messaging though they are in same city .because they think its more faster and effective but they are forgetting that meeting personaly can never replace online chatting 4 Before the advent of television and internet, people had ways of having fun together every day .many of these primitive methods of fun have almost disappeared in the morden world .people used to actually talk with each other ,they would play games with each other but now they play games with computer giving no reaction at all making people drift away from one other.5In many ways modern technology had the opposite effect of making us worker harder and faster just to stay in the same place. Technology is very much a part of modern life. Many people see technology as force that has escaped from human control. Others feel that technology has improved the quality of life. Do you think that the contribution technology has made to modern life has been positive or negative? State your position on this issue and support it with appropriate examples. The issue of technology being a part of modern life is a controversial one. Some feel that the contribution of technology has made a positive impact in modern life and that technology helps improve the quality of life. Others see that contribution of technology has negatively impacted modern life and that technology is a force that has escaped from human control. I believe that the contribution technology has made to modern life has been positive; technology helps improve productivity in manufacturing, quality of life, and education. Technology helps improve productivity at work by allowing manufactures to produce more in less time using less manpower. Many simple tasks that workers used to do are now done by robots. For example, the robotic arm seeing on a modern garbage truck enables the trash collection process to be done by one man on otherwise a two-men job. Next, technology helps improve the quality of life by doing many of our mundane tasks so that we can spend more time on things that matter to us. Home appliances take care some of the daily chores such washing dishes, doing laundry, and making coffee automatically, just to name a few. Refrigerator keeps food to stay fresh longer therefore it minimizes the number of trips to the store. Microwave enables food to be warmed up in just a matter of minutes. Lastly, technology helps improve school. Computers are used by schools across the country to help improve student learning ability. Computer simulation is used in flight school to allow students learning to fly without risks of accidence. Schools use computers in testing environment to allow students taking self-assessment test and getting instant feedback. Many students use the internet for research or getting online help. In conclusion, the contribution of technology benefits modern life in so many ways. At work, technology enables manufacturings to produce more in less time using less manpower. At home, technology helps doing some of daily chores so that time can be spent on more important things. In school, technology is used as tools to improve student learning ability. Therefore, I believe the contribution technology has made to modern life has been positive. one bad effect of technology on life is that with more technology placing barriers between people, face to face meetings happen less. This small, simple change leads to a whole host of very serious problems with society in general. People are becoming more lazy; choosing to stay at home and play video games than go to a basketball game or get together with friends. On top of that, the new barriers that are made because of technology gives those who are most effected by them a decaying sense of pride in their country. In fact, it is this lack of pride that has spurred many of the anti-American feelings that are felt and publicized by people of this very country. Not all technology is bad or evil, but we do need to be careful that we don't become slaves (meaning obsessed with, not actual slaves) to our own creations. newspapers and local agencies and music stores have been forced to shut down since items are available online. Also, the more technology that we create the more technology that we dispose of. This problem is exponentially growing. Practically everyone has a cellphone which has a life span of about 3 or 4 years, when we replace them they are usually thrown into a big pile and left to leach harmful agents into the environment. Remember when your Mom would go into your room each morning to wake you for school? Well those days are gone, now that parents are so busy Facebooking that they have to text message their kids to wake them up. Brad Stone of the New York Times has a piece in today's paper on the effects of modern technology on the family, specifically in the morning. Stone note how the addiction to gadgets and social networking are altering the great American family morning rituals. Instead of getting up immediately for breakfast or coffee or to read the morning paper, people are going straight to their gadgets to check email and to play around on Facebook and Twitter. In the course of his reporting, Stone profiles a few families, one of which are the Gudes of East Lansing, Michigan. Today, Mr. Gude wakes at around 6 a.m. to check his work e-mail and his Facebook and Twitter accounts. The two boys, Cole and Erik, start each morning with text messages, video games and Facebook. The Gudes' sons sleep with their phones next to their beds, so they start the day with text messages in place of alarm clocks. Mr. Gude, an instructor at Michigan State University, sends texts to his two sons to wake up. "We use texting as an in-house intercom," he said. "I could just walk upstairs, but they always answer their texts." Now, the Gude family may be the epitome of the modern, wired American family, but isn't the excerpt above kind of, well, sad. Personally, one of the my fondest memories of childhood was of my Mom coming into my room to wake me up each morning for breakfast and to get ready for school. The thought of being woken by freaking text message because Mom's too busy playing around on Twitter is utterly horrifying! How long before they start IMing each other at the damn dinner table? Ugh. Advantages and disadvantages of modern technology. Technology can be defined as science applied to practical purposes. Nowadays, when the rapidness of development and research is so impressive, it is easy to think about the advantages of modern technology. Nevertheless some people argue that science can destroy mankind. It is also obvious that we are close on an era where technology is limited only by our imagination. Therefore the most frequently asked question is: Does technology go the right way and will it save or ruin our civilization? It can be argued that modern technology makes life easier and more dignified for most of people. The first and the major advantage is that medical science is very progressive and vastly available. Without the needed technology a lot of people would struggle with their health. In addition it saves many innocent lives. The point is to spread it and reach with medicine help to the poor nations of the Third World. Secondly, the advanced technology improves industry by making it more effective and, what is vital today, safer for environment. Moreover when we look at TV, personal computer, mobile phone or internet for instance is quite obvious that all this inventions have been made in the last 20 years. Thus the speed of improvement is huge and unpredictable. On the minus side there is weaponry which is the inseparable issue of the new technologies. Hence the main problem is the proper use of this knowledge. Nevertheless, weapon engineering propels and provides a huge advance. Also, the industry despite highly developed machinery pollutes the globe. On the other hand while many people live in horrible conditions and famine governments spend a lot of money on developing weapon industry. Is it the right way? Maybe the modern technology should either stop or prevent social disproportions. Lastly, do new technologies make us happier? It is not an easy question and each person should consider it. How did I ever survive living in an archaic world without modern technology? I remember the days of physically moving your body up from the couch over to the TV to change the channel. A time when there were few television networks, all of which were local by the way, would sign off by airing a taped recording of the American flag proudly waving while the Star Spangled Banner played in the background. Today, I absolutely could not imagine living without modern technologies such as a cell phone, digital cable, the Internet, and microwave. The cell phone has got to be one of the most profitable and marketable portable pieces of technology available to us today. I can still recall my first cell phone. It was ugly, heavy, and the size of a brick, which incidentally also doubled as a self-defense system in case I was physically threatened all I had to do was throw it at my attacker's head then they'd be knocked out cold. Today, I own a very sleek model that allows me to listen to MP3s, access my email, access the internet, send pictures and videos, text message friends, and speak with other people. Although I cannot use it as a deterrent from being attacked, it constantly is with me. It's become my security blanket. Just as my cell phone has become my security blanket, digital cable has become my constant companion. With all the different channels and vast selection of shows available to me, I am rarely bored. Unlike the television programming of the past, cable networks do not sign off. No longer subjected to the audio of the Star Spangled Banner playing against the backdrop of the American flag waving, we now have infomercials to signal to us that it's time to go to bed. Digital cable is a good friend, always there for me whenever I need company, but I do eventually need some type of human interaction and that's when I turn to my other buddy, the Internet. The Internet is a great tool for making human friends. I can't even remember how I... What do you think of modern technology (such as internet, mp3's, streaming video, tivo) have on the future generation such as youths. Example, positive - easy access to obtain knowledge and research materials right at home instead of the library and therefore births future generation who are intellectuals. negative - corrupts youths because inappropriate content such as porn and such are easily obtained through downloading.. Modern technology allows children to cheat on work so much easier. They answer questions by googling it rather than reading the book and then perform poorly on tests because they missed other details. In public schools we now have to use turnitin.com so that we know none of it is copyrited or stolen words. it is also rediculous how I have to keep telling my younger students to turn off the iPod and the text/phones! They can't go a few hours with out it. Parents call me all of the time saying, "he shouldn't have failed. He's smart but he just plays nintendo DS and XBoX all afternoon" 1. In the context of this definition, the ultimate purpose of technology is to enhance the value of human life, with a long-term perspective, by maximization of happiness and satisfaction and a concomitant reduction or minimization of pain and suffering (physical, mental and emotional 2. We must not lose sight of our basic premise that the cardinal aim of technology is to increase the value of human life by maximising happiness and minimising suffering. Ethical Technology Management comprises a harmonious blend of rational thinking and empathic understanding wherein one studies, analyses and mitigates the conflicting interplay between human cognitive and affective processes. Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization. The word technology comes from the Greek technología (τεχνολογία) — téchnē (τέχνη), an 'art', 'skill' or 'craft' and -logía (-λογία), the study of something, or the branch of knowledge of a discipline.[1] The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: examples include construction technology, medical technology, or state-of-the-art technology or high technology. Technologies can also be exemplified in a material product, for example an object can be termed state of the art.